Removal & Replacement (R&R)

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   Rip out and replace (R&R) is a complete rebuild of the existing driveway or asphalt area. To understand what constitutes an R&R, we must first learn the different layers (materials) that make up an asphalt surface in the first place:

1. Sub-grade: the sub-grade, for lack of a better term, is earth. It is the native soil that is found under the ground in the location of the asphalt project (think clay, sand, loam, silt).

2. Sub-base: the sub-base is the layer of compacted material that is installed on top of the sub-grade. It creates the foundation for the eventual installation of asphalt (think runner-crush stone).

3. Asphalt Concrete Layers: also known as blacktop, pavement, macadam, and asphalt, the asphalt concrete is the drivable surface of a driveway, parking lot, and roadway. It’s the black surface that comes to mind when you think of a driveway and it is installed in two layers: a binder course and top course.

   Rip out and replace asphalt “R&R" means to completely remove existing asphalt pavement, including the base material if necessary, and then install a new layer of asphalt in its place; essentially, a full replacement of the asphalt surface, often referred to as "removal and replacement" (R&R) in the asphalt paving industry. 

Key points about asphalt R&R: 

• Full removal:
  Unlike a simple asphalt overlay, R&R involves excavating the entire existing asphalt layer, exposing the underlying base material.
   
• Base inspection:
  Once the old asphalt is removed, the base is inspected for stability and any necessary repairs are done to the sub-base before laying new asphalt.
   
• When to use R&R:
  This method is typically used when the existing asphalt is severely damaged, has significant structural issues, or if there are drainage problems that need to be addressed.